These cables, consisting of hundreds or even thousands of optical fibers, are divided into two according to their center diameters, the material they are made of and the shape of the light breaking.

1. Single Mode Fibers: They are thin-centric cables with a diameter of about 9 microns and transmit infrared laser light with a wavelength between 1300 and 1550 nanometers. This type of cable is often used where data loss is desired.

2. Multiple Mode Fibers: They have a diameter of approximately 62.5 microns and transmit infrared laser light with a wavelength between 850 and 1300 nanometers. The cost of production is more suitable because it is the type of cable used. The amount of loss is higher than that of single mode cables.

Some fiber cables are made of plastic and have a center up to 1 mm. These cables transmit visible red light with a wavelength of 650 nanometers.

How Do Fiber Optic Cables Transmit the Light?

The beam sent from the laser follows a linear path at first. At first, the lower-upper boundary beams, which emerge as light signals 1 and 2, at the points where the cable is curved; The light is reflected back into the glass cover and is reflected back in this way. This is why it is important for fiber cables to follow a generally flat path without excessive crimp, in terms of data transmission speed and quality. The glass cover layer does not absorb light and reflects almost exactly, which is a very important point for the loss of information.

Fiber optic cables may be added to other protective and resilient parts such as steel armor or gel layer depending on the location and conditions of use. This protective layer placed on the cable also contains special chemicals to prevent rodent bites. These substances prevent the rodents from snorting when they bite the cord.